feat(boolean_algebra): add half adder Implementation

Author: Ranjita1708

boolean_algebra/half_adder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""
+A Half Adder is a basic combinational circuit in digital logic.
+It computes the sum and carry outputs for two input bits.
+
+Truth Table:
+    -------------------------
+    | Input A | Input B | Sum | Carry |
+    -------------------------
+    |    0    |    0    |  0  |   0   |
+    |    0    |    1    |  1  |   0   |
+    |    1    |    0    |  1  |   0   |
+    |    1    |    1    |  0  |   1   |
+    -------------------------
+
+Refer - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder_(electronics)#Half_adder
+"""
+
+
+def half_adder(a: int, b: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """
+    Compute the sum and carry for a Half Adder.
+
+    >>> half_adder(0, 0)
+    (0, 0)
+    >>> half_adder(0, 1)
+    (1, 0)
+    >>> half_adder(1, 0)
+    (1, 0)
+    >>> half_adder(1, 1)
+    (0, 1)
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If inputs are not 0 or 1.
+    """
+    if a not in (0, 1) or b not in (0, 1):
+        raise ValueError("Inputs must be 0 or 1")
+
+    sum_bit = a ^ b
+    carry_bit = a & b
+    return sum_bit, carry_bit
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()