[libc++][string] Assert resize_and_overwrite operation returns integer-like type

Verify that the operation passed to resize_and_overwrite returns an
integer-like type, matching the behavior of other standard library
implementations like GCC's libstdc++

Fixes #160577

Author: chaitanyav

libcxx/include/string

@@ -1311,6 +1311,8 @@ public:
 #  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
   template <class _Op>
   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void resize_and_overwrite(size_type __n, _Op __op) {
+    using __result_type = decltype(std::move(__op)(data(), auto(__n)));
+    static_assert(std::__integer_like<__result_type>, "Operation return type must be integer-like");
     size_type __sz  = size();
     size_type __cap = capacity();
     if (__n > __cap)

libcxx/test/std/strings/basic.string/string.capacity/resize_and_overwrite.pass.cpp

@@ -90,6 +90,18 @@ void test_value_categories() {
   LIBCPP_ASSERT(is_string_asan_correct(s));
 }
 
+void test_integer_like_return_types() {
+  std::string s;
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> int { return 5; });
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> unsigned int { return 5u; });
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> long { return 5l; });
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> unsigned long { return 5ul; });
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> long long { return 5ll; });
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> unsigned long long { return 5ull; });
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> std::size_t { return 5; });
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) -> std::ptrdiff_t { return 5; });
+}
+
 int main(int, char**) {
   test<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>>();
   test<std::basic_string<char8_t, std::char_traits<char8_t>, std::allocator<char8_t>>>();
@@ -105,5 +117,9 @@ int main(int, char**) {
   test<std::basic_string<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t>, std::allocator<wchar_t>>>();
   static_assert(test<std::basic_string<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t>, std::allocator<wchar_t>>>());
 #endif
+
+  test_value_categories();
+  test_integer_like_return_types();
+
   return 0;
 }

libcxx/test/std/strings/basic.string/string.capacity/resize_and_overwrite.verify.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: c++03, c++11, c++14, c++17, c++20
+
+// <string>
+
+// template<class Operation>
+// void resize_and_overwrite(size_type n, Operation op)
+
+// Verify that the operation's return type must be integer-like
+
+#include <string>
+
+void test_bool_return_type() {
+  std::string s;
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) {
+    return true; // expected-error-re@*:* {{{{(static_assertion|static assertion)}}{{.*}}integer-like}}
+  });
+}
+
+void test_pointer_return_type() {
+  std::string s;
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char* p, std::size_t) {
+    return p; // expected-error-re@*:* {{{{(static_assertion|static assertion)}}{{.*}}integer-like}}
+              // expected-error@*:* {{cannot initialize}}
+  });
+}
+
+void test_float_return_type() {
+  std::string s;
+  s.resize_and_overwrite(10, [](char*, std::size_t) {
+    return 5.0f; // expected-error-re@*:* {{{{(static_assertion|static assertion)}}{{.*}}integer-like}}
+  });
+}