diff --git a/src/pcb/pcb_trace.ts b/src/pcb/pcb_trace.ts
index 5253c8e..2865a16 100644
--- a/src/pcb/pcb_trace.ts
+++ b/src/pcb/pcb_trace.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export const pcb_trace_route_point_wire = z.object({
   start_pcb_port_id: z.string().optional(),
   end_pcb_port_id: z.string().optional(),
   layer: layer_ref,
+  color: z.string().optional(),
 })
 
 export const pcb_trace_route_point_via = z.object({
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ export const pcb_trace_route_point_via = z.object({
   outer_diameter: distance.optional(),
   from_layer: z.string(),
   to_layer: z.string(),
+  // Allow color to be specified on vias for type uniformity, though it may be ignored downstream
+  color: z.string().optional(),
 })
 
 export const pcb_trace_route_point = z.union([
@@ -46,7 +49,10 @@ export const pcb_trace = z
     should_round_corners: z.boolean().optional(),
     trace_length: z.number().optional(),
     rats_nest_color: z.string().optional(),
-    route: z.array(pcb_trace_route_point),
+    // Non-empty route to avoid undefined at index 0 in consumers/tests
+    route: z.tuple([pcb_trace_route_point]).rest(pcb_trace_route_point),
+    // Optional explicit color for entire trace; per-point colors take precedence downstream
+    color: z.string().optional(),
   })
   .describe("Defines a trace on the PCB")
 
@@ -61,6 +67,7 @@ export interface PcbTraceRoutePointWire {
   start_pcb_port_id?: string
   end_pcb_port_id?: string
   layer: LayerRef
+  color?: string
 }
 
 export interface PcbTraceRoutePointVia {
@@ -71,6 +78,7 @@ export interface PcbTraceRoutePointVia {
   outer_diameter?: Distance
   from_layer: string
   to_layer: string
+  color?: string
 }
 
 export type PcbTraceRoutePoint = PcbTraceRoutePointWire | PcbTraceRoutePointVia
@@ -96,7 +104,10 @@ export interface PcbTrace {
   should_round_corners?: boolean
   trace_length?: number
   rats_nest_color?: string
-  route: Array<PcbTraceRoutePoint>
+  // At least one route point is required
+  route: [PcbTraceRoutePoint, ...PcbTraceRoutePoint[]]
+  // Optional explicit color at trace-level
+  color?: string
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/schematic/schematic_trace.ts b/src/schematic/schematic_trace.ts
index 592a391..14389a7 100644
--- a/src/schematic/schematic_trace.ts
+++ b/src/schematic/schematic_trace.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ export interface SchematicTraceEdge {
   is_crossing?: boolean
   from_schematic_port_id?: string
   to_schematic_port_id?: string
+  color?: string
 }
 
 export interface SchematicTrace {
@@ -28,36 +29,63 @@ export interface SchematicTrace {
   subcircuit_id?: string
   /** Optional for now, but will be required in a future release */
   subcircuit_connectivity_map_key?: string
+  color?: string
 }
 
 export const schematic_trace = z.object({
   type: z.literal("schematic_trace"),
   schematic_trace_id: z.string(),
   source_trace_id: z.string().optional(),
-  junctions: z.array(
-    z.object({
-      x: z.number(),
-      y: z.number(),
-    }),
-  ),
-  edges: z.array(
-    z.object({
-      from: z.object({
+  junctions: z
+    .tuple([
+      z.object({
         x: z.number(),
         y: z.number(),
       }),
-      to: z.object({
+    ])
+    .rest(
+      z.object({
         x: z.number(),
         y: z.number(),
       }),
-      is_crossing: z.boolean().optional(),
-      from_schematic_port_id: z.string().optional(),
-      to_schematic_port_id: z.string().optional(),
-    }),
-  ),
+    ),
+  edges: z
+    .tuple([
+      z.object({
+        from: z.object({
+          x: z.number(),
+          y: z.number(),
+        }),
+        to: z.object({
+          x: z.number(),
+          y: z.number(),
+        }),
+        is_crossing: z.boolean().optional(),
+        from_schematic_port_id: z.string().optional(),
+        to_schematic_port_id: z.string().optional(),
+        color: z.string().optional(),
+      }),
+    ])
+    .rest(
+      z.object({
+        from: z.object({
+          x: z.number(),
+          y: z.number(),
+        }),
+        to: z.object({
+          x: z.number(),
+          y: z.number(),
+        }),
+        is_crossing: z.boolean().optional(),
+        from_schematic_port_id: z.string().optional(),
+        to_schematic_port_id: z.string().optional(),
+        color: z.string().optional(),
+      }),
+    ),
   subcircuit_id: z.string().optional(),
   // TODO: make required in a future release
   subcircuit_connectivity_map_key: z.string().optional(),
+  color: z.string().optional(),
 })
 
 export type SchematicTraceInput = z.input<typeof schematic_trace>