Settings flag for new LDS constraints (#801)

Author: lbonaldo

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ number of concurrent Gurobi uses is limited (#783).
 - Additional long-duration storage constraints to bound state of charge in 
 non-representative periods (#781).
 - New version of `add_similar_to_expression!` to support arrays of `Number`s. (#798)
+- New settings flag `LDSAdditionalConstraints` to provide flexibility in 
+activating new long-duration storage constraints (#781). Can be set in the GenX 
+settings file (PR #801).
 
 ### Changed
 - The `charge.csv` and `storage.csv` files now include only resources with 

Project.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name = "GenX"
 uuid = "5d317b1e-30ec-4ed6-a8ce-8d2d88d7cfac"
 authors = ["Bonaldo, Luca", "Chakrabarti, Sambuddha", "Cheng, Fangwei", "Ding, Yifu", "Jenkins, Jesse D.", "Luo, Qian", "Macdonald, Ruaridh", "Mallapragada, Dharik", "Manocha, Aneesha", "Mantegna, Gabe ", "Morris, Jack", "Patankar, Neha", "Pecci, Filippo", "Schwartz, Aaron", "Schwartz, Jacob", "Schivley, Greg", "Sepulveda, Nestor", "Xu, Qingyu", "Zhou, Justin"]
-version = "0.4.1-dev.19"
+version = "0.4.1-dev.20"
 
 [deps]
 CSV = "336ed68f-0bac-5ca0-87d4-7b16caf5d00b"

docs/src/Tutorials/Tutorial_4_model_generation.md

@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ end
 
 # Model constraints, variables, expression related to reservoir hydropower resources with long duration storage
 if inputs["REP_PERIOD"] > 1 && !isempty(inputs["STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION"])
-    GenX.hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP, inputs)
+    GenX.hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP, inputs, setup)
 end
 
 # Model constraints, variables, expression related to demand flexibility resources

docs/src/User_Guide/model_configuration.md

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ The following tables summarize the model settings parameters and their default/p
 |StorageVirtualDischarge | Flag to enable contributions that a storage device makes to the capacity reserve margin without generating power.|
 ||1 = activate the virtual discharge of storage resources.|
 ||0 = do not activate the virtual discharge of storage resources.|
+|LDSAdditionalConstraints | Flag to activate additional constraints for long duration storage resources to prevent violation of SoC limits in non-representative periods.|
+||1 = activate additional constraints.|
+||0 = do not activate additional constraints.|
 |HourlyMatching| Constraint to match generation from clean sources with hourly consumption.|
 ||1 = Constraint is active.|
 ||0 = Constraint is not active.|

example_systems/3_three_zones_w_co2_capture/resources/Storage.csv

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Resource,Zone,Model,New_Build,Can_Retire,Existing_Cap_MW,Existing_Cap_MWh,Max_Cap_MW,Max_Cap_MWh,Min_Cap_MW,Min_Cap_MWh,Inv_Cost_per_MWyr,Inv_Cost_per_MWhyr,Fixed_OM_Cost_per_MWyr,Fixed_OM_Cost_per_MWhyr,Var_OM_Cost_per_MWh,Var_OM_Cost_per_MWh_In,Self_Disch,Eff_Up,Eff_Down,Min_Duration,Max_Duration,Reg_Max,Rsv_Max,Reg_Cost,Rsv_Cost,region,cluster
-MA_battery,1,1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,19584,22494,4895,5622,0.15,0.15,0,0.92,0.92,1,10,0,0,0,0,MA,0
-CT_battery,2,1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,19584,22494,4895,5622,0.15,0.15,0,0.92,0.92,1,10,0,0,0,0,CT,0
-ME_battery,3,1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,19584,22494,4895,5622,0.15,0.15,0,0.92,0.92,1,10,0,0,0,0,ME,0
+Resource,Zone,LDS,Model,New_Build,Can_Retire,Existing_Cap_MW,Existing_Cap_MWh,Max_Cap_MW,Max_Cap_MWh,Min_Cap_MW,Min_Cap_MWh,Inv_Cost_per_MWyr,Inv_Cost_per_MWhyr,Fixed_OM_Cost_per_MWyr,Fixed_OM_Cost_per_MWhyr,Var_OM_Cost_per_MWh,Var_OM_Cost_per_MWh_In,Self_Disch,Eff_Up,Eff_Down,Min_Duration,Max_Duration,Reg_Max,Rsv_Max,Reg_Cost,Rsv_Cost,region,cluster
+MA_battery,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,19584,22494,4895,5622,0.15,0.15,0,0.92,0.92,1,10,0,0,0,0,MA,0
+CT_battery,2,0,1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,19584,22494,4895,5622,0.15,0.15,0,0.92,0.92,1,10,0,0,0,0,CT,0
+ME_battery,3,0,1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,0,0,19584,22494,4895,5622,0.15,0.15,0,0.92,0.92,1,10,0,0,0,0,ME,0

example_systems/3_three_zones_w_co2_capture/settings/genx_settings.yml

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ ParameterScale: 1 # Turn on parameter scaling wherein demand, capacity and power
 WriteShadowPrices: 1 # Write shadow prices of LP or relaxed MILP; 0 = not active; 1 = active
 UCommit: 2 # Unit committment of thermal power plants; 0 = not active; 1 = active using integer clestering; 2 = active using linearized clustering
 TimeDomainReduction: 1 # Time domain reduce (i.e. cluster) inputs based on Demand_data.csv, Generators_variability.csv, and Fuels_data.csv; 0 = not active (use input data as provided); 0 = active (cluster input data, or use data that has already been clustered) 
+LDSAdditionalConstraints: 1 # Activate additional constraints to prevent violation of SoC limits in non-representative periods; 0 = not active; 1 = active

src/configure_settings/configure_settings.jl

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ function default_settings()
         "CapacityReserveMargin" => 0,
         "CO2Cap" => 0,
         "StorageLosses" => 1,
+        "LDSAdditionalConstraints" => 1,
         "VirtualChargeDischargeCost" => 1,  # $/MWh
         "MinCapReq" => 0,
         "MaxCapReq" => 0,

src/model/generate_model.jl

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ function generate_model(setup::Dict, inputs::Dict, OPTIMIZER::MOI.OptimizerWithA
 
     # Model constraints, variables, expression related to reservoir hydropower resources with long duration storage
     if inputs["REP_PERIOD"] > 1 && !isempty(inputs["STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION"])
-        hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP, inputs)
+        hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP, inputs, setup)
     end
 
     # Model constraints, variables, expression related to demand flexibility resources

src/model/resources/hydro/hydro_inter_period_linkage.jl

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 @doc raw"""
-	hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict)
+	hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict, setup::Dict)
 This function creates variables and constraints enabling modeling of long duration storage resources when modeling representative time periods.
 
 **Storage inventory balance at beginning of each representative period**
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Similarly, the minimum storage content is imposed to be positive in every period
 
 Additional details on this approach are available in [Parolin et al., 2024](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.19079).
 """
-function hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict)
+function hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict, setup::Dict)
     println("Long Duration Storage Module for Hydro Reservoir")
 
     gen = inputs["RESOURCES"]
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ function hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict)
 
     MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX = 1:NPeriods
     REP_PERIODS_INDEX = MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX[dfPeriodMap[!, :Rep_Period] .== MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX]
+    NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX = setdiff(MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX, REP_PERIODS_INDEX)
 
     ### Variables ###
 
@@ -108,11 +109,14 @@ function hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict)
     # Build up inventory can be positive or negative
     @variable(EP, vdSOC_HYDRO[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w = 1:REP_PERIOD])
 
-    # Maximum positive storage inventory change within subperiod
-	@variable(EP, vdSOC_maxPos_HYDRO[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] >= 0)
+    # Additional constraints to prevent violation of SoC limits in non-representative periods
+    if setup["LDSAdditionalConstraints"] == 1 && !isempty(NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX)
+        # Maximum positive storage inventory change within subperiod
+	    @variable(EP, vdSOC_maxPos_HYDRO[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] >= 0)
 
-	# Maximum negative storage inventory change within subperiod
-	@variable(EP, vdSOC_maxNeg_HYDRO[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] <= 0)	
+        # Maximum negative storage inventory change within subperiod
+        @variable(EP, vdSOC_maxNeg_HYDRO[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] <= 0)	
+    end
 
     ### Constraints ###
 
@@ -155,26 +159,27 @@ function hydro_inter_period_linkage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict)
         vSOC_HYDROw[y,r]==EP[:vS_HYDRO][y, hours_per_subperiod * dfPeriodMap[r, :Rep_Period_Index]] -
                 vdSOC_HYDRO[y, dfPeriodMap[r, :Rep_Period_Index]])
 
-    # Extract maximum storage level variation (positive) within subperiod
-    @constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarPos_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
+    if setup["LDSAdditionalConstraints"] == 1 && !isempty(NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX)
+        # Extract maximum storage level variation (positive) within subperiod
+        @constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarPos_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
                     vdSOC_maxPos_HYDRO[y,w] >= EP[:vS_HYDRO][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+t] - EP[:vS_HYDRO][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+1])
 
-    # Extract maximum storage level variation (negative) within subperiod
-    @constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarNeg_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
-                    vdSOC_maxNeg_HYDRO[y,w] <= EP[:vS_HYDRO][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+t] - EP[:vS_HYDRO][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+1])
-
-    # Max storage content within each modeled period cannot exceed installed energy capacity
-    @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMaxInt_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, r in MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX],
-        vSOC_HYDROw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
-        -EP[:vSPILL][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]
-        +inputs["pP_Max"][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]*EP[:eTotalCap][y]
-        +vdSOC_maxPos_HYDRO[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] <= hydro_energy_to_power_ratio(gen[y])*EP[:eTotalCap][y])
-
-    # Min storage content within each modeled period cannot be negative
-    @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMinInt_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, r in MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX],
-        vSOC_HYDROw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
-        -EP[:vSPILL][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]
-        +inputs["pP_Max"][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]*EP[:eTotalCap][y]
-        +vdSOC_maxPos_HYDRO[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] >= 0)     
-
+        # Extract maximum storage level variation (negative) within subperiod
+        @constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarNeg_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
+                        vdSOC_maxNeg_HYDRO[y,w] <= EP[:vS_HYDRO][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+t] - EP[:vS_HYDRO][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+1])
+
+        # Max storage content within each modeled period cannot exceed installed energy capacity
+        @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMaxInt_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, r in NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX],
+            vSOC_HYDROw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
+            -EP[:vSPILL][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]
+            +inputs["pP_Max"][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]*EP[:eTotalCap][y]
+            +vdSOC_maxPos_HYDRO[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] <= hydro_energy_to_power_ratio(gen[y])*EP[:eTotalCap][y])
+
+        # Min storage content within each modeled period cannot be negative
+        @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMinInt_H[y in STOR_HYDRO_LONG_DURATION, r in NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX],
+            vSOC_HYDROw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
+            -EP[:vSPILL][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]
+            +inputs["pP_Max"][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1]*EP[:eTotalCap][y]
+            +vdSOC_maxPos_HYDRO[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] >= 0)     
+    end
 end

src/model/resources/storage/long_duration_storage.jl

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ function long_duration_storage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict, setup::Dict)
 
     MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX = 1:NPeriods
     REP_PERIODS_INDEX = MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX[dfPeriodMap[!, :Rep_Period] .== MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX]
+    NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX = setdiff(MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX, REP_PERIODS_INDEX)
 
     ### Variables ###
 
@@ -133,11 +134,14 @@ function long_duration_storage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict, setup::Dict)
         @variable(EP, vCAPRES_dsoc[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w = 1:REP_PERIOD])
     end
 
-    # Maximum positive storage inventory change within subperiod
-	@variable(EP, vdSOC_maxPos[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] >= 0)
+    # Additional constraints to prevent violation of SoC limits in non-representative periods
+    if setup["LDSAdditionalConstraints"] == 1 && !isempty(NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX)
+        # Maximum positive storage inventory change within subperiod
+        @variable(EP, vdSOC_maxPos[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] >= 0)
 
-	# Maximum negative storage inventory change within subperiod
-	@variable(EP, vdSOC_maxNeg[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] <= 0)
+        # Maximum negative storage inventory change within subperiod
+        @variable(EP, vdSOC_maxNeg[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD] <= 0)
+    end
 
     ### Constraints ###
 
@@ -225,23 +229,26 @@ function long_duration_storage!(EP::Model, inputs::Dict, setup::Dict)
             vSOCw[y, r]>=vCAPRES_socw[y, r])
     end
 
-    # Extract maximum storage level variation (positive) within subperiod
-	@constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarPos[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
+    if setup["LDSAdditionalConstraints"] == 1 && !isempty(NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX)
+        # Extract maximum storage level variation (positive) within subperiod
+        @constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarPos[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
                     vdSOC_maxPos[y,w] >= EP[:vS][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+t] - EP[:vS][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+1])
 
-    # Extract maximum storage level variation (negative) within subperiod
-    @constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarNeg[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
+        # Extract maximum storage level variation (negative) within subperiod
+        @constraint(EP, cMaxSoCVarNeg[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, w=1:REP_PERIOD, t=2:hours_per_subperiod],
                     vdSOC_maxNeg[y,w] <= EP[:vS][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+t] - EP[:vS][y,hours_per_subperiod*(w-1)+1])
 
-    # Max storage content within each modeled period cannot exceed installed energy capacity
-    @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMaxInt[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, r in MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX],
-            (1-self_discharge(gen[y]))*vSOCw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
-            +(efficiency_up(gen[y])*EP[:vCHARGE][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
-            +vdSOC_maxPos[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] <= EP[:eTotalCapEnergy][y])
-
-    # Min storage content within each modeled period cannot be negative
-    @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMinInt[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, r in MODELED_PERIODS_INDEX],
-            (1-self_discharge(gen[y]))*vSOCw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
-            +(efficiency_up(gen[y])*EP[:vCHARGE][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
-            +vdSOC_maxNeg[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] >= 0)
+        # Max storage content within each modeled period cannot exceed installed energy capacity
+        @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMaxInt[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, r in NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX],
+                (1-self_discharge(gen[y]))*vSOCw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
+                +(efficiency_up(gen[y])*EP[:vCHARGE][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
+                +vdSOC_maxPos[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] <= EP[:eTotalCapEnergy][y])
+
+        # Min storage content within each modeled period cannot be negative
+        @constraint(EP, cSoCLongDurationStorageMinInt[y in STOR_LONG_DURATION, r in NON_REP_PERIODS_INDEX],
+                (1-self_discharge(gen[y]))*vSOCw[y,r]-(1/efficiency_down(gen[y])*EP[:vP][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
+                +(efficiency_up(gen[y])*EP[:vCHARGE][y,hours_per_subperiod*(dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]-1)+1])
+                +vdSOC_maxNeg[y,dfPeriodMap[r,:Rep_Period_Index]] >= 0)
+    end
 end
+