Stabilize, optimize, and increase robustness of QuickSort (#45222)

* Change partitioning scheme to use scratch space

* Randomize pivot selection with a hash-based fallback for when `rand` is unavailable

* remove an unnecessary sorting operation in typealias construction in base/show.jl

* Seed rng before generating precompile statements

* Add presorted check to avoid performance regressions

* test invalid `lt` to close #11429 & #32675

* test that PartialQuickSort is stable

* update radix sort dispatch heuristics because quicksort is now faster and the primary competition

Co-authored-by: Petr Vana <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Oscar Smith <[email protected]>

Author: 3 people

base/reflection.jl

@@ -100,7 +100,9 @@ since it is not idiomatic to explicitly export names from `Main`.
 See also: [`@locals`](@ref Base.@locals), [`@__MODULE__`](@ref).
 """
 names(m::Module; all::Bool = false, imported::Bool = false) =
-    sort!(ccall(:jl_module_names, Array{Symbol,1}, (Any, Cint, Cint), m, all, imported))
+    sort!(unsorted_names(m; all, imported))
+unsorted_names(m::Module; all::Bool = false, imported::Bool = false) =
+    ccall(:jl_module_names, Array{Symbol,1}, (Any, Cint, Cint), m, all, imported)
 
 isexported(m::Module, s::Symbol) = ccall(:jl_module_exports_p, Cint, (Any, Any), m, s) != 0
 isdeprecated(m::Module, s::Symbol) = ccall(:jl_is_binding_deprecated, Cint, (Any, Any), m, s) != 0

base/show.jl

@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ function make_typealias(@nospecialize(x::Type))
     end
     x isa UnionAll && push!(xenv, x)
     for mod in mods
-        for name in names(mod)
+        for name in unsorted_names(mod)
             if isdefined(mod, name) && !isdeprecated(mod, name) && isconst(mod, name)
                 alias = getfield(mod, name)
                 if alias isa Type && !has_free_typevars(alias) && !print_without_params(alias) && x <: alias
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ function make_typealiases(@nospecialize(x::Type))
     end
     x isa UnionAll && push!(xenv, x)
     for mod in mods
-        for name in names(mod)
+        for name in unsorted_names(mod)
             if isdefined(mod, name) && !isdeprecated(mod, name) && isconst(mod, name)
                 alias = getfield(mod, name)
                 if alias isa Type && !has_free_typevars(alias) && !print_without_params(alias) && !(alias <: Tuple)