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fredrikekreStefanKarpinski
fredrikekre
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StefanKarpinski
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move mathematical constants to Base.MathConstants (#23427)
- only export pi, π and ℯ from Base - remove eu as alias for ℯ - add \euler as tab completion for ℯ
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‎NEWS.md‎

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* `diagm(A::BitMatrix)` has been deprecated, use `diagm(vec(A))` instead ([#23373]).
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* `ℯ` (written as `\mscre<TAB>` or `\euler<TAB>`) is the new default for Euler's
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number ([#23427]).
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* The mathematical constants `π`, `pi`, `ℯ`, `e`, `γ`, `eulergamma`, `catalan`, `φ` and
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`golden` have been have been moved from `Base` to a new module; `Base.MathConstants`.
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Only `π`, `pi` and `ℯ` are now exported by default from `Base` ([#23427]).
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* `eu` (previously an alias for `ℯ`) has been deprecated in favor of `ℯ` (or `MathConstants.e`) ([#23427]).
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* `GMP.gmp_version()`, `GMP.GMP_VERSION`, `GMP.gmp_bits_per_limb()`, and `GMP.GMP_BITS_PER_LIBM`
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have been renamed to `GMP.version()`, `GMP.VERSION`, `GMP.bits_per_libm()`, and `GMP.BITS_PER_LIBM`,
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respectively. Similarly, `MPFR.get_version()`, has been renamed to `MPFR.version()` ([#23323]). Also,

‎base/deprecated.jl‎

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@eval MPFR @deprecate get_version() version() false
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@eval LinAlg.LAPACK @deprecate laver() version() false
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# PR #23427
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@deprecate_binding e ℯ
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@deprecate_binding eu ℯ
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@deprecate_binding γ MathConstants.γ
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@deprecate_binding eulergamma MathConstants.eulergamma
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@deprecate_binding catalan MathConstants.catalan
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@deprecate_binding φ MathConstants.φ
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@deprecate_binding golden MathConstants.golden
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# PR #23271
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function IOContext(io::IO; kws...)
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depwarn("IOContext(io, k=v, ...) is deprecated, use IOContext(io, :k => v, ...) instead.", :IOContext)

‎base/exports.jl‎

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NaN64,
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im,
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π, pi,
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e, eu,
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γ, eulergamma,
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catalan,
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φ, golden,
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ℯ,
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I,
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# Operators

‎base/irrationals.jl‎

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big(x::Irrational) = convert(BigFloat,x)
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big(::Type{<:Irrational}) = BigFloat
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## specific irrational mathematical constants
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@irrational π 3.14159265358979323846 pi
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@irrational e 2.71828182845904523536 exp(big(1))
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@irrational γ 0.57721566490153286061 euler
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@irrational catalan 0.91596559417721901505 catalan
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@irrational φ 1.61803398874989484820 (1+sqrt(big(5)))/2
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# aliases
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"""
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pi
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π
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The constant pi.
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```jldoctest
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julia> pi
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π = 3.1415926535897...
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```
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"""
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π, const pi = π
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"""
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e
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eu
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The constant e.
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```jldoctest
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julia> e
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e = 2.7182818284590...
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```
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"""
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e, const eu = e
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"""
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γ
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eulergamma
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Euler's constant.
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```jldoctest
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julia> eulergamma
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γ = 0.5772156649015...
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```
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"""
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γ, const eulergamma = γ
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"""
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φ
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golden
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The golden ratio.
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```jldoctest
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julia> golden
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φ = 1.6180339887498...
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```
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"""
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φ, const golden = φ
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"""
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catalan
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Catalan's constant.
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```jldoctest
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julia> catalan
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catalan = 0.9159655941772...
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```
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"""
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catalan
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# special behaviors
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# use exp for e^x or e.^x, as in
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# ^(::Irrational{:e}, x::Number) = exp(x)
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# but need to loop over types to prevent ambiguity with generic rules for ^(::Number, x) etc.
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for T in (Irrational, Rational, Integer, Number)
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^(::Irrational{:e}, x::T) = exp(x)
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end
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log(::Irrational{:e}) = 1 # use 1 to correctly promote expressions like log(x)/log(e)
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log(::Irrational{:e}, x::Number) = log(x)
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# align along = for nice Array printing
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function alignment(io::IO, x::Irrational)
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m = match(r"^(.*?)(=.*)$", sprint(0, showcompact, x, env=io))

‎base/linalg/lapack.jl‎

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u, ldu, vt, ldvt,
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q, iq, work, iwork, info)
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chklapackerror(info[])
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d, e, u, vt, q, iq
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d, e_, u, vt, q, iq
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end
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end
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end

‎base/mathconstants.jl‎

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# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: https://julialang.org/license
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"""
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Base.MathConstants
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Module containing the mathematical constants.
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See [`π`](@ref), [`ℯ`](@ref), [`γ`](@ref), [`φ`](@ref) and [`catalan`](@ref).
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"""
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module MathConstants
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export π, pi, ℯ, e, γ, eulergamma, catalan, φ, golden
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Base.@irrational π 3.14159265358979323846 pi
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Base.@irrational ℯ 2.71828182845904523536 exp(big(1))
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Base.@irrational γ 0.57721566490153286061 euler
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Base.@irrational φ 1.61803398874989484820 (1+sqrt(big(5)))/2
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Base.@irrational catalan 0.91596559417721901505 catalan
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# aliases
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"""
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π
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pi
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The constant pi.
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```jldoctest
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julia> pi
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π = 3.1415926535897...
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```
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"""
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π, const pi = π
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"""
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ℯ
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e
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The constant ℯ.
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```jldoctest
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julia> ℯ
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ℯ = 2.7182818284590...
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```
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"""
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ℯ, const e = ℯ
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"""
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γ
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eulergamma
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Euler's constant.
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```jldoctest
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julia> MathConstants.eulergamma
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γ = 0.5772156649015...
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```
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"""
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γ, const eulergamma = γ
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"""
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φ
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golden
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The golden ratio.
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```jldoctest
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julia> MathConstants.golden
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φ = 1.6180339887498...
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```
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"""
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φ, const golden = φ
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"""
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catalan
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Catalan's constant.
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```jldoctest
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julia> MathConstants.catalan
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catalan = 0.9159655941772...
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```
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"""
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catalan
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# loop over types to prevent ambiguities for ^(::Number, x)
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for T in (Irrational, Rational, Integer, Number)
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Base.:^(::Irrational{:ℯ}, x::T) = exp(x)
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end
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Base.log(::Irrational{:ℯ}) = 1 # use 1 to correctly promote expressions like log(x)/log(ℯ)
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Base.log(::Irrational{:ℯ}, x::Number) = log(x)
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end # module

‎base/repl/latex_symbols.jl‎

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"\\implies" => "⟹",
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"\\impliedby" => "⟸",
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"\\to" => "→",
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"\\euler" => "ℯ",
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# Superscripts
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"\\^0" => "⁰",

‎base/sysimg.jl‎

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# irrational mathematical constants
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include("irrationals.jl")
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include("mathconstants.jl")
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using .MathConstants: ℯ, π, pi
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# random number generation
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include("random/dSFMT.jl")

‎contrib/julia.xml‎

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<item> im </item>
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<item> π </item>
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<item> pi </item>
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<item> ℯ </item>
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<item> e </item>
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<item> eu </item>
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<item> γ </item>
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<item> eulergamma </item>
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<item> catalan </item>

‎doc/src/manual/variables.md‎

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π = 3.1415926535897...
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julia> pi = 3
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ERROR: cannot assign variable Base.pi from module Main
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ERROR: cannot assign variable MathConstants.pi from module Main
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julia> sqrt(100)
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10.0

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