loader: make require.resolve throw error for unknown builtin modules

Fixes: #43274

Author: zhmushan

lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js

@@ -780,19 +780,19 @@ Module._load = function(request, parent, isMain) {
     }
   }
 
-  const filename = Module._resolveFilename(request, parent, isMain);
-  if (StringPrototypeStartsWith(filename, 'node:')) {
+  if (StringPrototypeStartsWith(request, 'node:')) {
     // Slice 'node:' prefix
-    const id = StringPrototypeSlice(filename, 5);
+    const id = StringPrototypeSlice(request, 5);
 
     const module = loadNativeModule(id, request);
     if (!module?.canBeRequiredByUsers) {
-      throw new ERR_UNKNOWN_BUILTIN_MODULE(filename);
+      throw new ERR_UNKNOWN_BUILTIN_MODULE(request);
     }
 
     return module.exports;
   }
 
+  const filename = Module._resolveFilename(request, parent, isMain);
   const cachedModule = Module._cache[filename];
   if (cachedModule !== undefined) {
     updateChildren(parent, cachedModule, true);
@@ -854,9 +854,14 @@ Module._load = function(request, parent, isMain) {
 };
 
 Module._resolveFilename = function(request, parent, isMain, options) {
-  if (StringPrototypeStartsWith(request, 'node:') ||
-      (NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(request) &&
-      NativeModule.canBeRequiredWithoutScheme(request))) {
+  if ((
+    StringPrototypeStartsWith(request, 'node:') &&
+    NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(StringPrototypeSlice(request, 5))
+  ) ||
+  (
+    NativeModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(request) &&
+    NativeModule.canBeRequiredWithoutScheme(request)
+  )) {
     return request;
   }
 

test/parallel/test-require-resolve.js

@@ -80,3 +80,18 @@ require(fixtures.path('resolve-paths', 'default', 'verify-paths.js'));
     assert.strictEqual(resolvedPaths.includes('/node_modules'), false);
   });
 }
+
+// For direct use of require expressions inside of CJS modules,
+// all kinds of specifiers should work without issue.
+{
+  assert.strictEqual(require.resolve('node:test'), 'node:test');
+  assert.strictEqual(require.resolve('node:fs'), 'node:fs');
+
+  assert.throws(
+    () => require.resolve('node:unknown'),
+    {
+      code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',
+      message: /^Cannot find module 'node:unknown'/,
+    },
+  );
+}