diff --git a/test/message/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js b/test/message/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..df56b08a93a77d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/message/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// Env: A_SET_ENV_VAR=A_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE B_SET_ENV_VAR=B_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE
+// Flags: --test-isolation=none --expose-internals
+
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+
+// This test verifies that the Python test runner can set environment variables
+// via comments in the test file, similar to how we set flags via comments.
+// Ref: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/58179
+assert.strictEqual(process.env.A_SET_ENV_VAR, 'A_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE');
+assert.strictEqual(process.env.B_SET_ENV_VAR, 'B_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE');
+// Check interop with flags
+const flag = require('internal/options').getOptionValue('--test-isolation');
+assert.strictEqual(flag, 'none');
diff --git a/test/message/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.out b/test/message/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6
diff --git a/test/message/testcfg.py b/test/message/testcfg.py
index 4be454b55c9053..5470fd2bd9a112 100644
--- a/test/message/testcfg.py
+++ b/test/message/testcfg.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 from functools import reduce
 
 FLAGS_PATTERN = re.compile(r"//\s+Flags:(.*)")
+ENV_PATTERN = re.compile(r"//\s+Env:(.*)")
 
 class MessageTestCase(test.TestCase):
 
@@ -89,20 +90,33 @@ def IsFailureOutput(self, output):
         return True
     return False
 
+  def _parse_source_env(self, source):
+    env_match = ENV_PATTERN.search(source)
+    env = {}
+    if env_match:
+      for env_pair in env_match.group(1).strip().split():
+        var, value = env_pair.split('=')
+        env[var] = value
+    return env
+
   def GetLabel(self):
     return "%s %s" % (self.mode, self.GetName())
 
   def GetName(self):
     return self.path[-1]
 
-  def GetCommand(self):
+  def GetRunConfiguration(self):
     result = [self.config.context.GetVm(self.arch, self.mode)]
     source = open(self.file).read()
     flags_match = FLAGS_PATTERN.search(source)
+    envs = self._parse_source_env(source)
     if flags_match:
       result += flags_match.group(1).strip().split()
     result.append(self.file)
-    return result
+    return {
+        'command': result,
+        'envs': envs
+    }
 
   def GetSource(self):
     return (open(self.file).read()
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js b/test/parallel/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..fea2e788e174b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// Env: A_SET_ENV_VAR=A_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE B_SET_ENV_VAR=B_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE
+// Flags: --test-isolation=none --expose-internals
+
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+const { describe, it } = require('node:test');
+
+
+// This test verifies that the Python test runner can set environment variables
+// via comments in the test file, similar to how we set flags via comments.
+// Ref: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/58179
+describe('testpy env var via comment', () => {
+  it('should set env var A_SET_ENV_VAR', () => {
+    assert.strictEqual(process.env.A_SET_ENV_VAR, 'A_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE');
+  });
+  it('should set env var B_SET_ENV_VAR', () => {
+    assert.strictEqual(process.env.B_SET_ENV_VAR, 'B_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE');
+  });
+
+  it('should interop with flags', () => {
+    const flag = require('internal/options').getOptionValue('--test-isolation');
+    assert.strictEqual(flag, 'none');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/test/pseudo-tty/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js b/test/pseudo-tty/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..df56b08a93a77d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pseudo-tty/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// Env: A_SET_ENV_VAR=A_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE B_SET_ENV_VAR=B_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE
+// Flags: --test-isolation=none --expose-internals
+
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+
+// This test verifies that the Python test runner can set environment variables
+// via comments in the test file, similar to how we set flags via comments.
+// Ref: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/58179
+assert.strictEqual(process.env.A_SET_ENV_VAR, 'A_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE');
+assert.strictEqual(process.env.B_SET_ENV_VAR, 'B_SET_ENV_VAR_VALUE');
+// Check interop with flags
+const flag = require('internal/options').getOptionValue('--test-isolation');
+assert.strictEqual(flag, 'none');
diff --git a/test/pseudo-tty/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.out b/test/pseudo-tty/test-testpy-env-var-via-comment.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6
diff --git a/test/pseudo-tty/testcfg.py b/test/pseudo-tty/testcfg.py
index 4751188b44d30a..a955c4df2d7874 100644
--- a/test/pseudo-tty/testcfg.py
+++ b/test/pseudo-tty/testcfg.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 FLAGS_PATTERN = re.compile(r"//\s+Flags:(.*)")
 PTY_HELPER = join(dirname(__file__), '../../tools/pseudo-tty.py')
+ENV_PATTERN = re.compile(r"//\s+Env:(.*)")
 
 class TTYTestCase(test.TestCase):
 
@@ -90,20 +91,33 @@ def IsFailureOutput(self, output):
         return True
     return False
 
+  def _parse_source_env(self, source):
+    env_match = ENV_PATTERN.search(source)
+    env = {}
+    if env_match:
+      for env_pair in env_match.group(1).strip().split():
+        var, value = env_pair.split('=')
+        env[var] = value
+    return env
+
   def GetLabel(self):
     return "%s %s" % (self.mode, self.GetName())
 
   def GetName(self):
     return self.path[-1]
 
-  def GetCommand(self):
+  def GetRunConfiguration(self):
     result = [self.config.context.GetVm(self.arch, self.mode)]
     source = open(self.file).read()
     flags_match = FLAGS_PATTERN.search(source)
+    envs = self._parse_source_env(source)
     if flags_match:
       result += flags_match.group(1).strip().split()
     result.append(self.file)
-    return result
+    return {
+        'command': result,
+        'envs': envs
+    }
 
   def GetSource(self):
     return (open(self.file).read()
diff --git a/test/testpy/__init__.py b/test/testpy/__init__.py
index b5d9ea726ff76b..05d2460f924b2e 100644
--- a/test/testpy/__init__.py
+++ b/test/testpy/__init__.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 FLAGS_PATTERN = re.compile(r"//\s+Flags:(.*)")
 LS_RE = re.compile(r'^test-.*\.m?js$')
+ENV_PATTERN = re.compile(r"//\s+Env:(.*)")
 
 class SimpleTestCase(test.TestCase):
 
@@ -48,6 +49,14 @@ def __init__(self, path, file, arch, mode, context, config, additional=None):
     else:
       self.additional_flags = []
 
+  def _parse_source_env(self, source):
+    env_match = ENV_PATTERN.search(source)
+    env = {}
+    if env_match:
+      for env_pair in env_match.group(1).strip().split():
+        var, value = env_pair.split('=')
+        env[var] = value
+    return env
 
   def GetLabel(self):
     return "%s %s" % (self.mode, self.GetName())
@@ -55,10 +64,11 @@ def GetLabel(self):
   def GetName(self):
     return self.path[-1]
 
-  def GetCommand(self):
+  def GetRunConfiguration(self):
     result = [self.config.context.GetVm(self.arch, self.mode)]
     source = open(self.file, encoding='utf8').read()
     flags_match = FLAGS_PATTERN.search(source)
+    envs = self._parse_source_env(source)
     if flags_match:
       flags = flags_match.group(1).strip().split()
       # The following block reads config.gypi to extract the v8_enable_inspector
@@ -93,7 +103,10 @@ def GetCommand(self):
 
     result += [self.file]
 
-    return result
+    return {
+        'command': result,
+        'envs': envs
+    }
 
   def GetSource(self):
     return open(self.file).read()
diff --git a/tools/test.py b/tools/test.py
index ad3d0feb4edc17..08e10f18122c80 100755
--- a/tools/test.py
+++ b/tools/test.py
@@ -602,12 +602,21 @@ def RunCommand(self, command, env):
 
   def Run(self):
     try:
-      result = self.RunCommand(self.GetCommand(), {
+      run_configuration = self.GetRunConfiguration()
+      command = run_configuration['command']
+      envs = {}
+      if 'envs' in run_configuration:
+        envs.update(run_configuration['envs'])
+      envs.update({
         "TEST_SERIAL_ID": "%d" % self.serial_id,
         "TEST_THREAD_ID": "%d" % self.thread_id,
         "TEST_PARALLEL" : "%d" % self.parallel,
         "GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY": "",
       })
+      result = self.RunCommand(
+        command,
+        envs
+      )
     finally:
       # Tests can leave the tty in non-blocking mode. If the test runner
       # tries to print to stdout/stderr after that and the tty buffer is