diff --git a/doc/api/cli.md b/doc/api/cli.md
index 3571d0df15637b..e9bb744a574826 100644
--- a/doc/api/cli.md
+++ b/doc/api/cli.md
@@ -2647,6 +2647,20 @@ changes:
 The destination for the corresponding test reporter. See the documentation on
 [test reporters][] for more details.
 
+### `--test-rerun-failures`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added:
+  - REPLACEME
+-->
+
+A path to a file allowing the test runner to persist the state of the test
+suite between runs. The test runner will use this file to determine which tests
+have already succeeded or failed, allowing for re-running of failed tests
+without having to re-run the entire test suite. The test runner will create this
+file if it does not exist.
+See the documentation on [test reruns][] for more details.
+
 ### `--test-shard`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -3508,6 +3522,7 @@ one is included in the list below.
 * `--test-only`
 * `--test-reporter-destination`
 * `--test-reporter`
+* `--test-rerun-failures`
 * `--test-shard`
 * `--test-skip-pattern`
 * `--throw-deprecation`
@@ -4082,6 +4097,7 @@ node --stack-trace-limit=12 -p -e "Error.stackTraceLimit" # prints 12
 [snapshot testing]: test.md#snapshot-testing
 [syntax detection]: packages.md#syntax-detection
 [test reporters]: test.md#test-reporters
+[test reruns]: test.md#rerunning-failed-tests
 [test runner execution model]: test.md#test-runner-execution-model
 [timezone IDs]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones
 [tracking issue for user-land snapshots]: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/44014
diff --git a/doc/api/test.md b/doc/api/test.md
index ec9ac4da09900b..7e285a5fab28fc 100644
--- a/doc/api/test.md
+++ b/doc/api/test.md
@@ -153,6 +153,46 @@ test('skip() method with message', (t) => {
 });
 ```
 
+## Rerunning failed tests
+
+The test runner supports persisting the state of the run to a file, allowing
+the test runner to rerun failed tests without having to re-run the entire test suite.
+Use the [`--test-rerun-failures`][] command-line option to specify a file path where the
+state of the run is stored. if the state file does not exist, the test runner will
+create it.
+the state file is a JSON file that contains an array of run attempts.
+Each run attempt is an object mapping successful tests to the attempt they have passed in.
+The key identifying a test in this map is the test file path, with the line and column where the test is defined.
+in a case where a test defined in a specific location is run multiple times,
+for example within a function or a loop,
+a counter will be appended to the key, to disambiguate the test runs.
+note changing the order of test execution or the location of a test can lead the test runner
+to consider tests as passed on a previous attempt,
+meaning `--test-rerun-failures` should be used when tests run in a deterministic order.
+
+example of a state file:
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "test.js:10:5": { "passed_on_attempt": 0, "name": "test 1" },
+  },
+  {
+    "test.js:10:5": { "passed_on_attempt": 0, "name": "test 1" },
+    "test.js:20:5": { "passed_on_attempt": 1, "name": "test 2" }
+  }
+]
+```
+
+in this example, there are two run attempts, with two tests defined in `test.js`,
+the first test succeeded on the first attempt, and the second test succeeded on the second attempt.
+
+When the `--test-rerun-failures` option is used, the test runner will only run tests that have not yet passed.
+
+```bash
+node --test-rerun-failures /path/to/state/file
+```
+
 ## TODO tests
 
 Individual tests can be marked as flaky or incomplete by passing the `todo`
@@ -1342,6 +1382,9 @@ added:
   - v18.9.0
   - v16.19.0
 changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/59443
+    description: Added a rerunFailuresFilePath option.
   - version: v23.0.0
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/54705
     description: Added the `cwd` option.
@@ -1432,6 +1475,10 @@ changes:
       that specifies the index of the shard to run. This option is _required_.
     * `total` {number} is a positive integer that specifies the total number
       of shards to split the test files to. This option is _required_.
+  * `rerunFailuresFilePath` {string} A file path where the test runner will
+    store the state of the tests to allow rerunning only the failed tests on a next run.
+    see \[Rerunning failed tests]\[] for more information.
+    **Default:** `undefined`.
   * `coverage` {boolean} enable [code coverage][] collection.
     **Default:** `false`.
   * `coverageExcludeGlobs` {string|Array} Excludes specific files from code coverage
@@ -3220,6 +3267,8 @@ Emitted when a test is enqueued for execution.
       * `cause` {Error} The actual error thrown by the test.
     * `type` {string|undefined} The type of the test, used to denote whether
       this is a suite.
+    * `attempt` {number|undefined} The attempt number of the test run,
+      present only when using the [`--test-rerun-failures`][] flag.
   * `file` {string|undefined} The path of the test file,
     `undefined` if test was run through the REPL.
   * `line` {number|undefined} The line number where the test is defined, or
@@ -3244,6 +3293,10 @@ The corresponding execution ordered event is `'test:complete'`.
     * `duration_ms` {number} The duration of the test in milliseconds.
     * `type` {string|undefined} The type of the test, used to denote whether
       this is a suite.
+    * `attempt` {number|undefined} The attempt number of the test run,
+      present only when using the [`--test-rerun-failures`][] flag.
+    * `passed_on_attempt` {number|undefined} The attempt number the test passed on,
+      present only when using the [`--test-rerun-failures`][] flag.
   * `file` {string|undefined} The path of the test file,
     `undefined` if test was run through the REPL.
   * `line` {number|undefined} The line number where the test is defined, or
@@ -3947,6 +4000,7 @@ Can be used to abort test subtasks when the test has been aborted.
 [`--test-only`]: cli.md#--test-only
 [`--test-reporter-destination`]: cli.md#--test-reporter-destination
 [`--test-reporter`]: cli.md#--test-reporter
+[`--test-rerun-failures`]: cli.md#--test-rerun-failures
 [`--test-skip-pattern`]: cli.md#--test-skip-pattern
 [`--test-update-snapshots`]: cli.md#--test-update-snapshots
 [`--test`]: cli.md#--test
diff --git a/doc/node-config-schema.json b/doc/node-config-schema.json
index 25fff19b5988ca..a29d66c23317d8 100644
--- a/doc/node-config-schema.json
+++ b/doc/node-config-schema.json
@@ -446,6 +446,9 @@
             }
           ]
         },
+        "test-rerun-failures": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
         "test-shard": {
           "type": "string"
         },
@@ -698,6 +701,9 @@
             }
           ]
         },
+        "test-rerun-failures": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
         "test-shard": {
           "type": "string"
         },
diff --git a/doc/node.1 b/doc/node.1
index f7cb4ea0c78d50..691a5c914859b2 100644
--- a/doc/node.1
+++ b/doc/node.1
@@ -493,6 +493,10 @@ A test reporter to use when running tests.
 .It Fl -test-reporter-destination
 The destination for the corresponding test reporter.
 .
+.It Fl -test-rerun-failures
+Configures the tests runner to persist the state of tests to allow
+rerunning only failed tests.
+.
 .It Fl -test-only
 Configures the test runner to only execute top level tests that have the `only`
 option set.
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js
index fe5915dec13483..bd4b35f1d64033 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ const {
   reporterScope,
   shouldColorizeTestFiles,
   setupGlobalSetupTeardownFunctions,
+  parsePreviousRuns,
 } = require('internal/test_runner/utils');
+const { PassThrough, compose } = require('stream');
+const { reportReruns } = require('internal/test_runner/reporter/rerun');
 const { queueMicrotask } = require('internal/process/task_queues');
 const { TIMEOUT_MAX } = require('internal/timers');
 const { clearInterval, setInterval } = require('timers');
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ function createTestTree(rootTestOptions, globalOptions) {
     shouldColorizeTestFiles: shouldColorizeTestFiles(globalOptions.destinations),
     teardown: null,
     snapshotManager: null,
+    previousRuns: null,
     isFilteringByName,
     isFilteringByOnly,
     async runBootstrap() {
@@ -203,6 +207,25 @@ function collectCoverage(rootTest, coverage) {
   return summary;
 }
 
+function setupFailureStateFile(rootTest, globalOptions) {
+  if (!globalOptions.rerunFailuresFilePath) {
+    return;
+  }
+  rootTest.harness.previousRuns = parsePreviousRuns(globalOptions.rerunFailuresFilePath);
+  if (rootTest.harness.previousRuns === null) {
+    rootTest.diagnostic(`Warning: The rerun failures file at ` +
+      `${globalOptions.rerunFailuresFilePath} is not a valid rerun file. ` +
+      'The test runner will not be able to rerun failed tests.');
+    rootTest.harness.success = false;
+    process.exitCode = kGenericUserError;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!process.env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT) {
+    const reporter = reportReruns(rootTest.harness.previousRuns, globalOptions);
+    compose(rootTest.reporter, reporter).pipe(new PassThrough());
+  }
+}
+
 function setupProcessState(root, globalOptions) {
   const hook = createHook({
     __proto__: null,
@@ -230,6 +253,9 @@ function setupProcessState(root, globalOptions) {
   const rejectionHandler =
     createProcessEventHandler('unhandledRejection', root);
   const coverage = configureCoverage(root, globalOptions);
+
+  setupFailureStateFile(root, globalOptions);
+
   const exitHandler = async (kill) => {
     if (root.subtests.length === 0 && (root.hooks.before.length > 0 || root.hooks.after.length > 0)) {
       // Run global before/after hooks in case there are no tests
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/reporter/rerun.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/reporter/rerun.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1862dafc04ea71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/reporter/rerun.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const {
+  ArrayPrototypePush,
+  JSONStringify,
+} = primordials;
+const { relative } = require('path');
+const { writeFileSync } = require('fs');
+
+function reportReruns(previousRuns, globalOptions) {
+  return async function reporter(source) {
+    const obj = { __proto__: null };
+    const disambiguator = { __proto__: null };
+
+    for await (const { type, data } of source) {
+      if (type === 'test:pass') {
+        let identifier = `${relative(globalOptions.cwd, data.file)}:${data.line}:${data.column}`;
+        if (disambiguator[identifier] !== undefined) {
+          identifier += `:(${disambiguator[identifier]})`;
+          disambiguator[identifier] += 1;
+        } else {
+          disambiguator[identifier] = 1;
+        }
+        obj[identifier] = {
+          __proto__: null,
+          name: data.name,
+          passed_on_attempt: data.details.passed_on_attempt ?? data.details.attempt,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    ArrayPrototypePush(previousRuns, obj);
+    writeFileSync(globalOptions.rerunFailuresFilePath, JSONStringify(previousRuns, null, 2), 'utf8');
+  };
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+  __proto__: null,
+  reportReruns,
+};
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/runner.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/runner.js
index d737909851ae6c..1340b817a57e5b 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/runner.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/runner.js
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ function getRunArgs(path, { forceExit,
                             only,
                             argv: suppliedArgs,
                             execArgv,
+                            rerunFailuresFilePath,
                             root: { timeout },
                             cwd }) {
   const processNodeOptions = getOptionsAsFlagsFromBinding();
@@ -170,6 +171,9 @@ function getRunArgs(path, { forceExit,
   if (timeout != null) {
     ArrayPrototypePush(runArgs, `--test-timeout=${timeout}`);
   }
+  if (rerunFailuresFilePath) {
+    ArrayPrototypePush(runArgs, `--test-rerun-failures=${rerunFailuresFilePath}`);
+  }
 
   ArrayPrototypePushApply(runArgs, execArgv);
 
@@ -588,6 +592,7 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     execArgv = [],
     argv = [],
     cwd = process.cwd(),
+    rerunFailuresFilePath,
   } = options;
 
   if (files != null) {
@@ -620,6 +625,10 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     );
   }
 
+  if (rerunFailuresFilePath) {
+    validatePath(rerunFailuresFilePath, 'options.rerunFailuresFilePath');
+  }
+
   if (shard != null) {
     validateObject(shard, 'options.shard');
     // Avoid re-evaluating the shard object in case it's a getter
@@ -702,6 +711,7 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     coverage,
     coverageExcludeGlobs,
     coverageIncludeGlobs,
+    rerunFailuresFilePath,
     lineCoverage: lineCoverage,
     branchCoverage: branchCoverage,
     functionCoverage: functionCoverage,
@@ -735,6 +745,7 @@ function run(options = kEmptyObject) {
     isolation,
     argv,
     execArgv,
+    rerunFailuresFilePath,
   };
 
   if (isolation === 'process') {
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js
index 7c9eabb292fde4..174df8ea15e5e0 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/test.js
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ const {
 } = require('timers');
 const { TIMEOUT_MAX } = require('internal/timers');
 const { fileURLToPath } = require('internal/url');
+const { relative } = require('path');
 const { availableParallelism } = require('os');
 const { innerOk } = require('internal/assert/utils');
 const { bigint: hrtime } = process.hrtime;
@@ -290,6 +291,10 @@ class TestContext {
     return this.#test.passed;
   }
 
+  get attempt() {
+    return this.#test.attempt ?? 0;
+  }
+
   diagnostic(message) {
     this.#test.diagnostic(message);
   }
@@ -537,6 +542,7 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
       this.childNumber = 0;
       this.timeout = kDefaultTimeout;
       this.entryFile = entryFile;
+      this.testDisambiguator = new SafeMap();
     } else {
       const nesting = parent.parent === null ? parent.nesting :
         parent.nesting + 1;
@@ -646,6 +652,8 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
     this.endTime = null;
     this.passed = false;
     this.error = null;
+    this.attempt = undefined;
+    this.passedAttempt = undefined;
     this.message = typeof skip === 'string' ? skip :
       typeof todo === 'string' ? todo : null;
     this.activeSubtests = 0;
@@ -690,6 +698,23 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
         this.loc.file = fileURLToPath(this.loc.file);
       }
     }
+
+    if (this.loc != null && this.root.harness.previousRuns != null) {
+      let testIdentifier = `${relative(this.config.cwd, this.loc.file)}:${this.loc.line}:${this.loc.column}`;
+      const disambiguator = this.root.testDisambiguator.get(testIdentifier);
+      if (disambiguator !== undefined) {
+        testIdentifier += `:(${disambiguator})`;
+        this.root.testDisambiguator.set(testIdentifier, disambiguator + 1);
+      } else {
+        this.root.testDisambiguator.set(testIdentifier, 1);
+      }
+      this.attempt = this.root.harness.previousRuns.length;
+      const previousAttempt = this.root.harness.previousRuns[this.attempt - 1]?.[testIdentifier]?.passed_on_attempt;
+      if (previousAttempt != null) {
+        this.passedAttempt = previousAttempt;
+        this.fn = noop;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   applyFilters() {
@@ -1329,6 +1354,12 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
     if (!this.passed) {
       details.error = this.error;
     }
+    if (this.attempt !== undefined) {
+      details.attempt = this.attempt;
+    }
+    if (this.passedAttempt !== undefined) {
+      details.passed_on_attempt = this.passedAttempt;
+    }
     return { __proto__: null, details, directive };
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/internal/test_runner/utils.js b/lib/internal/test_runner/utils.js
index 44789451d18335..dabfccf6c4f4a4 100644
--- a/lib/internal/test_runner/utils.js
+++ b/lib/internal/test_runner/utils.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const {
   ArrayPrototypePush,
   ArrayPrototypeReduce,
   ArrayPrototypeSome,
+  JSONParse,
   MathFloor,
   MathMax,
   MathMin,
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ const {
 
 const { AsyncResource } = require('async_hooks');
 const { relative, sep, resolve } = require('path');
-const { createWriteStream } = require('fs');
+const { createWriteStream, readFileSync } = require('fs');
 const { pathToFileURL } = require('internal/url');
 const { getOptionValue } = require('internal/options');
 const { green, yellow, red, white, shouldColorize } = require('internal/util/colors');
@@ -150,6 +151,20 @@ function shouldColorizeTestFiles(destinations) {
   });
 }
 
+function parsePreviousRuns(rerunFailuresFilePath) {
+  let data;
+  try {
+    data = readFileSync(rerunFailuresFilePath, 'utf8');
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      data = '[]';
+    } else {
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+  return JSONParse(data);
+}
+
 async function getReportersMap(reporters, destinations) {
   return SafePromiseAllReturnArrayLike(reporters, async (name, i) => {
     const destination = kBuiltinDestinations.get(destinations[i]) ??
@@ -202,6 +217,7 @@ function parseCommandLine() {
   const updateSnapshots = getOptionValue('--test-update-snapshots');
   const watch = getOptionValue('--watch');
   const timeout = getOptionValue('--test-timeout') || Infinity;
+  const rerunFailuresFilePath = getOptionValue('--test-rerun-failures');
   const isChildProcess = process.env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT === 'child';
   const isChildProcessV8 = process.env.NODE_TEST_CONTEXT === 'child-v8';
   let globalSetupPath;
@@ -308,9 +324,12 @@ function parseCommandLine() {
     validateInteger(functionCoverage, '--test-coverage-functions', 0, 100);
   }
 
+  if (rerunFailuresFilePath) {
+    validatePath(rerunFailuresFilePath, '--test-rerun-failures');
+  }
+
   const setup = reporterScope.bind(async (rootReporter) => {
     const reportersMap = await getReportersMap(reporters, destinations);
-
     for (let i = 0; i < reportersMap.length; i++) {
       const { reporter, destination } = reportersMap[i];
       compose(rootReporter, reporter).pipe(destination);
@@ -343,6 +362,7 @@ function parseCommandLine() {
     timeout,
     updateSnapshots,
     watch,
+    rerunFailuresFilePath,
   };
 
   return globalTestOptions;
@@ -637,4 +657,5 @@ module.exports = {
   shouldColorizeTestFiles,
   getCoverageReport,
   setupGlobalSetupTeardownFunctions,
+  parsePreviousRuns,
 };
diff --git a/src/node_options.cc b/src/node_options.cc
index 98f883b116d54d..5cf7a9cbf58c7e 100644
--- a/src/node_options.cc
+++ b/src/node_options.cc
@@ -923,6 +923,11 @@ EnvironmentOptionsParser::EnvironmentOptionsParser() {
             &EnvironmentOptions::test_global_setup_path,
             kAllowedInEnvvar,
             OptionNamespaces::kTestRunnerNamespace);
+  AddOption("--test-rerun-failures",
+            "specifies the path to the rerun state file",
+            &EnvironmentOptions::test_rerun_failures_path,
+            kAllowedInEnvvar,
+            OptionNamespaces::kTestRunnerNamespace);
   AddOption("--test-udp-no-try-send",
             "",  // For testing only.
             &EnvironmentOptions::test_udp_no_try_send,
diff --git a/src/node_options.h b/src/node_options.h
index 59409e6926d353..d56a2c536f7df2 100644
--- a/src/node_options.h
+++ b/src/node_options.h
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ class EnvironmentOptions : public Options {
   bool test_runner_update_snapshots = false;
   std::vector<std::string> test_name_pattern;
   std::vector<std::string> test_reporter;
+  std::string test_rerun_failures_path;
   std::vector<std::string> test_reporter_destination;
   std::string test_global_setup_path;
   bool test_only = false;
diff --git a/test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js b/test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..94f3708431990a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const { test } = require('node:test')
+
+test('should fail on first two attempts', ({ attempt }) => {
+  if (attempt < 2) {
+    throw new Error('This test is expected to fail on the first two attempts');
+  }
+});
+
+test('ok', ({ attempt }) => {
+  if (attempt > 0) {
+      throw new Error('Test should not rerun once it has passed');
+  }
+});
+
+
+function ambiguousTest(expectedAttempts) {
+  test(`ambiguous (expectedAttempts=${expectedAttempts})`, ({ attempt }) => {
+    if (attempt < expectedAttempts) {
+      throw new Error(`This test is expected to fail on the first ${expectedAttempts} attempts`);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+ambiguousTest(0);
+ambiguousTest(1);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-runner-test-rerun-failures.js b/test/parallel/test-runner-test-rerun-failures.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..482af5172de4ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-runner-test-rerun-failures.js
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common');
+
+const fixtures = require('../common/fixtures');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+const { rm, readFile } = require('node:fs/promises');
+const { setTimeout } = require('node:timers/promises');
+const { test, beforeEach, afterEach, run } = require('node:test');
+
+const fixture = fixtures.path('test-runner', 'rerun.js');
+const stateFile = fixtures.path('test-runner', 'rerun-state.json');
+
+beforeEach(() => rm(stateFile, { force: true }));
+afterEach(() => rm(stateFile, { force: true }));
+
+const expectedStateFile = [
+  {
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:17:3': { passed_on_attempt: 0, name: 'ambiguous (expectedAttempts=0)' },
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:9:1': { passed_on_attempt: 0, name: 'ok' },
+  },
+  {
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:17:3': { passed_on_attempt: 0, name: 'ambiguous (expectedAttempts=0)' },
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:17:3:(1)': { passed_on_attempt: 1, name: 'ambiguous (expectedAttempts=1)' },
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:9:1': { passed_on_attempt: 0, name: 'ok' },
+  },
+  {
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:17:3': { passed_on_attempt: 0, name: 'ambiguous (expectedAttempts=0)' },
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:17:3:(1)': { passed_on_attempt: 1, name: 'ambiguous (expectedAttempts=1)' },
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:9:1': { passed_on_attempt: 0, name: 'ok' },
+    'test/fixtures/test-runner/rerun.js:3:1': { passed_on_attempt: 2, name: 'should fail on first two attempts' },
+  },
+];
+
+const getStateFile = async () => JSON.parse((await readFile(stateFile, 'utf8')).replaceAll('\\\\', '/'));
+
+test('test should pass on third rerun', async () => {
+  const args = ['--test-rerun-failures', stateFile, fixture];
+
+  let { code, stdout, signal } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, args);
+  assert.strictEqual(code, 1);
+  assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
+  assert.match(stdout, /pass 2/);
+  assert.match(stdout, /fail 2/);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile.slice(0, 1));
+
+  ({ code, stdout, signal } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, args));
+  assert.strictEqual(code, 1);
+  assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
+  assert.match(stdout, /pass 3/);
+  assert.match(stdout, /fail 1/);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile.slice(0, 2));
+
+
+  ({ code, stdout, signal } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, args));
+  assert.strictEqual(code, 0);
+  assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
+  assert.match(stdout, /pass 4/);
+  assert.match(stdout, /fail 0/);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile);
+});
+
+test('test should pass on third rerun with `--test`', async () => {
+  const args = ['--test', '--test-rerun-failures', stateFile, fixture];
+
+  let { code, stdout, signal } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, args);
+  assert.strictEqual(code, 1);
+  assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
+  assert.match(stdout, /pass 2/);
+  assert.match(stdout, /fail 2/);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile.slice(0, 1));
+
+  ({ code, stdout, signal } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, args));
+  assert.strictEqual(code, 1);
+  assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
+  assert.match(stdout, /pass 3/);
+  assert.match(stdout, /fail 1/);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile.slice(0, 2));
+
+
+  ({ code, stdout, signal } = await common.spawnPromisified(process.execPath, args));
+  assert.strictEqual(code, 0);
+  assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
+  assert.match(stdout, /pass 4/);
+  assert.match(stdout, /fail 0/);
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile);
+});
+
+test('using `run` api', async () => {
+  let stream = run({ files: [fixture], rerunFailuresFilePath: stateFile });
+  stream.on('test:pass', common.mustCall(2));
+  stream.on('test:fail', common.mustCall(2));
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+  for await (const _ of stream);
+  await setTimeout(common.platformTimeout(10)); // Wait for the stream to finish processing
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile.slice(0, 1));
+
+
+  stream = run({ files: [fixture], rerunFailuresFilePath: stateFile });
+  stream.on('test:pass', common.mustCall(3));
+  stream.on('test:fail', common.mustCall(1));
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+  for await (const _ of stream);
+  await setTimeout(common.platformTimeout(10)); // Wait for the stream to finish processing
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile.slice(0, 2));
+
+
+  stream = run({ files: [fixture], rerunFailuresFilePath: stateFile });
+  stream.on('test:pass', common.mustCall(4));
+  stream.on('test:fail', common.mustNotCall());
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+  for await (const _ of stream);
+  await setTimeout(common.platformTimeout(10)); // Wait for the stream to finish processing
+  assert.deepStrictEqual(await getStateFile(), expectedStateFile);
+});