Add whatsnew for arrow (#54476)

* Add whatsnew for arrow

* Update

* Update doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

* Update doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

* Update doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

* Update doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

* Update doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

---------

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <[email protected]>

Author: phofl

doc/source/whatsnew/v2.1.0.rst

@@ -14,6 +14,46 @@ including other versions of pandas.
 Enhancements
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+.. _whatsnew_210.enhancements.pyarrow_dependency:
+
+PyArrow will become a required dependency with pandas 3.0
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+`PyArrow <https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/index.html>`_ will become a required
+dependency of pandas starting with pandas 3.0. This decision was made based on
+`PDEP 12 <https://pandas.pydata.org/pdeps/0010-required-pyarrow-dependency.html>`_.
+
+This will enable more changes that are hugely beneficial to pandas users, including
+but not limited to:
+
+- inferring strings as PyArrow backed strings by default enabling a significant
+  reduction of the memory footprint and huge performance improvements.
+- inferring more complex dtypes with PyArrow by default, like ``Decimal``, ``lists``,
+  ``bytes``, ``structured data`` and more.
+- Better interoperability with other libraries that depend on Apache Arrow.
+
+We are collecting feedback on this decision `here <https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/54466>`_.
+
+.. _whatsnew_210.enhancements.infer_strings:
+
+Avoid NumPy object dtype for strings by default
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Previously, all strings were stored in columns with NumPy object dtype.
+This release introduces an option ``future.infer_string`` that infers all
+strings as PyArrow backed strings with dtype ``pd.ArrowDtype(pa.string())`` instead.
+This option only works if PyArrow is installed. PyArrow backed strings have a
+significantly reduced memory footprint and provide a big performance improvement
+compared to NumPy object.
+
+The option can be enabled with:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    pd.options.future.infer_string = True
+
+This behavior will become the default with pandas 3.0.
+
 .. _whatsnew_210.enhancements.reduction_extension_dtypes:
 
 DataFrame reductions preserve extension dtypes