diff --git a/pytensor/link/jax/dispatch/random.py b/pytensor/link/jax/dispatch/random.py
index f3cde4f943..824d728faf 100644
--- a/pytensor/link/jax/dispatch/random.py
+++ b/pytensor/link/jax/dispatch/random.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 )
 
 import pytensor.tensor.random.basic as ptr
+from pytensor.graph import Constant
 from pytensor.link.jax.dispatch.basic import jax_funcify, jax_typify
 from pytensor.link.jax.dispatch.shape import JAXShapeTuple
 from pytensor.tensor.shape import Shape, Shape_i
@@ -91,15 +92,26 @@ def jax_funcify_RandomVariable(op, node, **kwargs):
     """JAX implementation of random variables."""
     rv = node.outputs[1]
     out_dtype = rv.type.dtype
-    out_size = rv.type.shape
+    static_shape = rv.type.shape
 
     batch_ndim = op.batch_ndim(node)
-    out_size = node.default_output().type.shape[:batch_ndim]
+
+    # Try to pass static size directly to JAX
+    static_size = static_shape[:batch_ndim]
+    if None in static_size:
+        # Sometimes size can be constant folded during rewrites,
+        # without the RandomVariable node being updated with new static types
+        size_param = node.inputs[1]
+        if isinstance(size_param, Constant):
+            size_tuple = tuple(size_param.data)
+            # PyTensor uses empty size to represent size = None
+            if len(size_tuple):
+                static_size = tuple(size_param.data)
 
     # If one dimension has unknown size, either the size is determined
     # by a `Shape` operator in which case JAX will compile, or it is
     # not and we fail gracefully.
-    if None in out_size:
+    if None in static_size:
         assert_size_argument_jax_compatible(node)
 
         def sample_fn(rng, size, dtype, *parameters):
@@ -111,7 +123,9 @@ def sample_fn(rng, size, dtype, *parameters):
     else:
 
         def sample_fn(rng, size, dtype, *parameters):
-            return jax_sample_fn(op, node=node)(rng, out_size, out_dtype, *parameters)
+            return jax_sample_fn(op, node=node)(
+                rng, static_size, out_dtype, *parameters
+            )
 
     return sample_fn
 
diff --git a/tests/link/jax/test_random.py b/tests/link/jax/test_random.py
index 22c3af7d83..c4d0dacdf7 100644
--- a/tests/link/jax/test_random.py
+++ b/tests/link/jax/test_random.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import pytensor
 import pytensor.tensor as pt
 import pytensor.tensor.random.basic as ptr
+from pytensor import clone_replace
 from pytensor.compile.function import function
 from pytensor.compile.sharedvalue import SharedVariable, shared
 from pytensor.graph.basic import Constant
@@ -26,11 +27,11 @@
 from pytensor.link.jax.dispatch.random import numpyro_available  # noqa: E402
 
 
-def compile_random_function(*args, **kwargs):
+def compile_random_function(*args, mode="JAX", **kwargs):
     with pytest.warns(
         UserWarning, match=r"The RandomType SharedVariables \[.+\] will not be used"
     ):
-        return function(*args, **kwargs)
+        return function(*args, mode=mode, **kwargs)
 
 
 def test_random_RandomStream():
@@ -896,3 +897,24 @@ def test_random_concrete_shape_graph_input():
     out = pt.random.normal(0, 1, size=size_pt, rng=rng)
     jax_fn = compile_random_function([size_pt], out, mode=jax_mode)
     assert jax_fn(10).shape == (10,)
+
+
+def test_constant_shape_after_graph_rewriting():
+    size = pt.vector("size", shape=(2,), dtype=int)
+    x = pt.random.normal(size=size)
+    assert x.type.shape == (None, None)
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        compile_random_function([size], x)([2, 5])
+
+    # Rebuild with strict=False so output type is not updated
+    # This reflects cases where size is constant folded during rewrites but the RV node is not recreated
+    new_x = clone_replace(x, {size: pt.constant([2, 5])}, rebuild_strict=True)
+    assert new_x.type.shape == (None, None)
+    assert compile_random_function([], new_x)().shape == (2, 5)
+
+    # Rebuild with strict=True, so output type is updated
+    # This uses a different path in the dispatch implementation
+    new_x = clone_replace(x, {size: pt.constant([2, 5])}, rebuild_strict=False)
+    assert new_x.type.shape == (2, 5)
+    assert compile_random_function([], new_x)().shape == (2, 5)