diff --git a/newsfragments/4615.bugfix.rst b/newsfragments/4615.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e121f2dbca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/4615.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixed TypeError in sdist filelist processing by adding support for pathlib Paths for the build_base.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/setuptools/_distutils/_msvccompiler.py b/setuptools/_distutils/_msvccompiler.py
index e7652218d8..03653929a8 100644
--- a/setuptools/_distutils/_msvccompiler.py
+++ b/setuptools/_distutils/_msvccompiler.py
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def _get_vc_env(plat_spec):
             stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
         ).decode('utf-16le', errors='replace')
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
-        log.error(exc.output)
+        log.error(exc.output)  # noqa: RUF100, TRY400
         raise DistutilsPlatformError(f"Error executing {exc.cmd}")
 
     env = {
diff --git a/setuptools/_distutils/command/sdist.py b/setuptools/_distutils/command/sdist.py
index e8abb73920..eda6afe811 100644
--- a/setuptools/_distutils/command/sdist.py
+++ b/setuptools/_distutils/command/sdist.py
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ def prune_file_list(self):
         build = self.get_finalized_command('build')
         base_dir = self.distribution.get_fullname()
 
-        self.filelist.exclude_pattern(None, prefix=build.build_base)
+        self.filelist.exclude_pattern(None, prefix=os.fspath(build.build_base))
         self.filelist.exclude_pattern(None, prefix=base_dir)
 
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
diff --git a/setuptools/_distutils/tests/test_msvccompiler.py b/setuptools/_distutils/tests/test_msvccompiler.py
index 23b6c732c3..71129cae27 100644
--- a/setuptools/_distutils/tests/test_msvccompiler.py
+++ b/setuptools/_distutils/tests/test_msvccompiler.py
@@ -14,22 +14,19 @@
 
 
 class Testmsvccompiler(support.TempdirManager):
-    def test_no_compiler(self):
+    def test_no_compiler(self, monkeypatch):
         # makes sure query_vcvarsall raises
         # a DistutilsPlatformError if the compiler
         # is not found
         def _find_vcvarsall(plat_spec):
             return None, None
 
-        old_find_vcvarsall = _msvccompiler._find_vcvarsall
-        _msvccompiler._find_vcvarsall = _find_vcvarsall
-        try:
-            with pytest.raises(DistutilsPlatformError):
-                _msvccompiler._get_vc_env(
-                    'wont find this version',
-                )
-        finally:
-            _msvccompiler._find_vcvarsall = old_find_vcvarsall
+        monkeypatch.setattr(_msvccompiler, '_find_vcvarsall', _find_vcvarsall)
+
+        with pytest.raises(DistutilsPlatformError):
+            _msvccompiler._get_vc_env(
+                'wont find this version',
+            )
 
     @needs_winreg
     def test_get_vc_env_unicode(self):
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py b/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py
index f628f3eb4a..30347190db 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import io
 import logging
 import os
+import pathlib
 import sys
 import tarfile
 import tempfile
@@ -822,6 +823,21 @@ def get_source_files(self):
         manifest = cmd.filelist.files
         assert '.myfile~' in manifest
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif("os.environ.get('SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS') == 'stdlib'")
+    def test_build_base_pathlib(self, source_dir):
+        """
+        Ensure if build_base is a pathlib.Path, the build still succeeds.
+        """
+        dist = Distribution({
+            **SETUP_ATTRS,
+            "script_name": "setup.py",
+            "options": {"build": {"build_base": pathlib.Path('build')}},
+        })
+        cmd = sdist(dist)
+        cmd.ensure_finalized()
+        with quiet():
+            cmd.run()
+
 
 def test_default_revctrl():
     """