gh-37584: build/pkgs/cython: Update to 3.0.10
    
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### 📝 Checklist

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### ⌛ Dependencies

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- Depends on #37583 (merged here)
- Depends on #37665 (merged here)
- Depends on #37667 (merged here)
- Depends on cython/cython@4e9f7307312881111b6
f56279a83812a2309cd16 (see
cython/cython#6087 (comment))
(carried here as a patch)
- Depends on #37646 (merged here for convenience)
    
URL: #37584
Reported by: Matthias Köppe
Reviewer(s):

Author: Release Manager

build/pkgs/cython/checksums.ini

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 tarball=Cython-VERSION.tar.gz
-sha1=48f0535ce0b05e0e4ae4daa6a597a2cdd76274f5
-md5=94ab8466d9350a31cfef3a0853c2fea5
-cksum=2507297160
+sha1=83d6428e3bb7869f44f92ed75d7dff867c2a38ce
+md5=0110d7adac5ebb6ae65d8b71a72b664e
+cksum=1043698601
 upstream_url=https://pypi.io/packages/source/C/Cython/Cython-VERSION.tar.gz

build/pkgs/cython/package-version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-3.0.7
+3.0.10