[hist] Add first basic tutorial

tutorials/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ else()
   if(MSVC AND NOT win_broken_tests)
     list(APPEND root7_veto analysis/dataframe/df013_InspectAnalysis.C)
   endif()
-  file(GLOB v7_veto_files RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ visualisation/webgui/browserv7/*.cxx visualisation/webgui/fitpanelv7/*.cxx visualisation/rcanvas/*.py visualisation/rcanvas/*.cxx)
+  file(GLOB v7_veto_files RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ hist/histv7/*.C visualisation/webgui/browserv7/*.cxx visualisation/webgui/fitpanelv7/*.cxx visualisation/rcanvas/*.py visualisation/rcanvas/*.cxx)
   list(APPEND root7_veto ${v7_veto_files})
   # This depends on RCanvas
   list(APPEND root7_veto io/ntuple/ntpl011_global_temperatures.C)

tutorials/hist/histv7/hist001_RHist_basics.C

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/// \file
+/// \ingroup tutorial_histv7
+///
+/// Basics of RHist, including filling and adding them.
+///
+/// \macro_code
+///
+/// \date September 2025
+/// \author The ROOT Team
+
+#include <ROOT/RBinIndex.hxx>
+#include <ROOT/RHist.hxx>
+#include <ROOT/RRegularAxis.hxx>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <random>
+#include <variant>
+
+// It is currently not possible to directly draw RHist's, so this function implements an output with ASCII characters.
+static void DrawHistogram(const ROOT::Experimental::RHist<int> &hist)
+{
+   // Get the axis object from the histogram.
+   auto &axis = std::get<ROOT::Experimental::RRegularAxis>(hist.GetAxes()[0]);
+
+   // Print (some of) the global statistics.
+   std::cout << "entries = " << hist.GetNEntries();
+   std::cout << ", mean = " << hist.ComputeMean();
+   std::cout << ", stddev = " << hist.ComputeStdDev();
+   std::cout << "\n";
+
+   // "Draw" the histogram with ASCII characters. The height is hard-coded to work for this tutorial.
+   for (int row = 15; row > 0; row--) {
+      auto print = [&](ROOT::Experimental::RBinIndex bin) {
+         auto value = hist.GetBinContent(bin);
+         static constexpr int Scale = 10;
+         std::cout << (value >= (row * Scale) ? '*' : ' ');
+      };
+
+      // First the underflow bin, separated by a vertical bar.
+      print(ROOT::Experimental::RBinIndex::Underflow());
+      std::cout << '|';
+
+      // Now iterate the normal bins and print a '*' if the value is sufficiently large.
+      for (auto bin : axis.GetNormalRange()) {
+         print(bin);
+      }
+
+      // Finally the overflow bin after a separating vertical bar.
+      std::cout << '|';
+      print(ROOT::Experimental::RBinIndex::Overflow());
+      std::cout << "\n";
+   }
+}
+
+void hist001_RHist_basics()
+{
+   // Create an axis that can be used for multiple histograms.
+   ROOT::Experimental::RRegularAxis axis(40, 0, 20);
+
+   // Create a first histograms and fill with random values.
+   ROOT::Experimental::RHist<int> hist1({axis});
+
+   // Create a normal distribution with mean 5.0 and stddev 2.0.
+   std::mt19937 gen;
+   std::normal_distribution normal1(5.0, 2.0);
+   for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+      hist1.Fill(normal1(gen));
+   }
+
+   // "Draw" the histogram with ASCII characters.
+   std::cout << "hist1 with expected mean = " << normal1.mean() << "\n";
+   DrawHistogram(hist1);
+   std::cout << "\n";
+
+   // Create a second histogram and fill with random values of a different distribution.
+   ROOT::Experimental::RHist<int> hist2({axis});
+   std::normal_distribution normal2(13.0, 4.0);
+   for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 1500; i++) {
+      hist2.Fill(normal2(gen));
+   }
+   std::cout << "hist2 with expected mean = " << normal2.mean() << "\n";
+   DrawHistogram(hist2);
+   std::cout << "\n";
+
+   // Create a third, merged histogram from the two previous two.
+   ROOT::Experimental::RHist<int> hist3({axis});
+   hist3.Add(hist1);
+   hist3.Add(hist2);
+   std::cout << "hist3 with expected entries = " << (hist1.GetNEntries() + hist2.GetNEntries()) << "\n";
+   DrawHistogram(hist3);
+}

tutorials/hist/histv7/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+\defgroup tutorial_histv7 Histogram tutorials
+\ingroup tutorial_hist
+
+Examples demonstrating ROOT's histogram package.
+
+| **Tutorial** | **Description** |
+|---|---|
+| hist001_RHist_basics.C | Basics of RHist, including filling and adding them. |