Segfault when loading conflicting `@ccallable` names from multiple pkgimages

[topolarity]

$ cat Foo/src/Foo.jl
module Foo
Base.@ccallable function foo()::Cint
    return 0
end
end
$ cat Bar/src/Bar.jl
module Bar
Base.@ccallable function foo()::Cint
    return 0
end
end

I would have expected ERROR: @ccallable was already defined for this method name, but instead I get:

$ julia +1.10 -q -e "using Foo; using Bar;"

[1660150] signal (11.1): Segmentation fault
in expression starting at none:1
end<llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::SubtargetSubTypeKV> > at /usr/local/x86_64-linux-gnu/include/c++/9.1.0/bits/range_access.h:79 [inlined]
adl_end<const llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::SubtargetSubTypeKV>&> at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/usr/include/llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h:237 [inlined]
adl_end<const llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::SubtargetSubTypeKV>&> at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/usr/include/llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h:257 [inlined]
lower_bound<const llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::SubtargetSubTypeKV>&, llvm::StringRef&> at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/usr/include/llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h:1737 [inlined]
isCPUStringValid at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/usr/include/llvm/MC/MCSubtargetInfo.h:229 [inlined]
createTargetMachine at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/jitlayers.cpp:1082 [inlined]
JuliaOJIT at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/jitlayers.cpp:1429
jl_generate_ccallable at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/codegen.cpp:6789
jl_compile_extern_c_impl at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/jitlayers.cpp:392
jl_compile_extern at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/staticdata.c:2126 [inlined]
jl_reinit_ccallable at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/staticdata.c:2138 [inlined]
jl_restore_package_image_from_stream at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/staticdata.c:3451
jl_restore_incremental_from_buf at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/staticdata.c:3486
ijl_restore_package_image_from_file at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/staticdata.c:3570
_include_from_serialized at ./loading.jl:1058
_require_search_from_serialized at ./loading.jl:1581
_require at ./loading.jl:1938
__require_prelocked at ./loading.jl:1812
jfptr___require_prelocked_80768.1 at /home/topolarity/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.10.4+0.x64.linux.gnu/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:2895 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:3077
jl_apply at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/julia.h:1982 [inlined]
jl_f__call_in_world at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/builtins.c:831
#invoke_in_world#3 at ./essentials.jl:926 [inlined]
invoke_in_world at ./essentials.jl:923 [inlined]
_require_prelocked at ./loading.jl:1803
macro expansion at ./loading.jl:1790 [inlined]
macro expansion at ./lock.jl:267 [inlined]
__require at ./loading.jl:1753
jfptr___require_80733.1 at /home/topolarity/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.10.4+0.x64.linux.gnu/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:2895 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:3077
jl_apply at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/julia.h:1982 [inlined]
jl_f__call_in_world at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/builtins.c:831
#invoke_in_world#3 at ./essentials.jl:926 [inlined]
invoke_in_world at ./essentials.jl:923 [inlined]
require at ./loading.jl:1746
jfptr_require_80730.1 at /home/topolarity/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.10.4+0.x64.linux.gnu/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:2895 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:3077
jl_apply at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/julia.h:1982 [inlined]
call_require at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/toplevel.c:481 [inlined]
eval_import_path at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/toplevel.c:518
jl_toplevel_eval_flex at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/toplevel.c:752
jl_toplevel_eval_flex at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/toplevel.c:877
jl_toplevel_eval_flex at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/toplevel.c:877
ijl_toplevel_eval_in at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/toplevel.c:985
eval at ./boot.jl:385 [inlined]
exec_options at ./client.jl:291
_start at ./client.jl:552
jfptr__start_82729.1 at /home/topolarity/.julia/juliaup/julia-1.10.4+0.x64.linux.gnu/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:2895 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/gf.c:3077
jl_apply at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/julia.h:1982 [inlined]
true_main at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/jlapi.c:582
jl_repl_entrypoint at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/src/jlapi.c:731
main at /cache/build/builder-amdci4-0/julialang/julia-release-1-dot-10/cli/loader_exe.c:58
__libc_start_main at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (unknown line)
unknown function (ip: 0x4010b8)
Allocations: 2908 (Pool: 2899; Big: 9); GC: 0
Segmentation fault

Crashes in Julia 1.10 and 1.11 - working on 1.9

[topolarity]

Resolved by #56987