Fixes in sphinx docs links

[shenoynikhil]

What does this PR do?

Fixes links referred to in #16234.
Fixes #8107

Fixed the following links

• All the 4 example links in callback examples
• Two links the lightning transformer page, in the seamless memory and optimization point. Both Deepspeed and FairScale shared links.
• QConfig link in the docstring for Quantization Aware Training example
• Online-training for recurrent neural networks paper link in common/lightning_module.rst Link
• Efficient Data Batching link in docstrings was incorrect for IPU Strategy
• Opening reports with graph analyser in IPU Strategy Link (last link on this page)
• deepspeed3 offload link is incorrect in two places, model parallel and fabric (prev lite)
• Updated the reference link for make_pruning_permanent() in ModelPruning Callback
• Linkchecker fails on a few relative links (as listed below), added them to lincheck_ignore in conf.py

(common/hyperparameters: line   14) broken    ../cli/lightning_cli.html - 
(starter/introduction: line  182) broken    ../common/trainer.html#trainer-flags - 
(starter/introduction: line  102) broken    installation.html - 
(           index: line   65) broken    starter/installation.html - 

Fix the following links

(notebooks/lightning_examples/augmentation_kornia: line  128) broken    https://www.kornia.org - HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.kornia.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1131)')))

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[shenoynikhil]

@Borda @awaelchli This is ready for review.

The kornia.org link in notebooks/lightning_examples/augmentation_kornia does not work (it is kornia.github.io now). When I run the linkcheck in my local, it shows this error, but it is showing that the build is successful here.

[awaelchli]

LGTM after comments addressed

[tchaton]

LGTM !