[otel/kube-stack] Update EDOT SDK k8s auto-instrumentation images to latest versions (#10386)

This also updates the vanilla OTel Go image version to its latest.

(cherry picked from commit 11dd425)

Author: trentm

deploy/helm/edot-collector/kube-stack/managed_otlp/values.yaml

@@ -625,12 +625,12 @@ instrumentation:
     type: parentbased_traceidratio # Sampler type
     argument: "1.0" # Sampling rate set to 100% (all traces are sampled).
   java:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-javaagent:1.5.0
+    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-javaagent:1.6.0
   nodejs:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-node:1.3.0
+    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-node:1.5.0
   dotnet:
     image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-dotnet:1.0.2
   python:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-python:1.7.0
+    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-python:1.9.0
   go:
-    image: ghcr.io/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/autoinstrumentation-go:v0.22.1
+    image: ghcr.io/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/autoinstrumentation-go:v0.23.0

deploy/helm/edot-collector/kube-stack/values.yaml

@@ -693,12 +693,12 @@ instrumentation:
     type: parentbased_traceidratio # Sampler type
     argument: "1.0" # Sampling rate set to 100% (all traces are sampled).
   java:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-javaagent:1.5.0
+    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-javaagent:1.6.0
   nodejs:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-node:1.3.0
+    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-node:1.5.0
   dotnet:
     image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-dotnet:1.0.2
   python:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-python:1.7.0
+    image: docker.elastic.co/observability/elastic-otel-python:1.9.0
   go:
-    image: ghcr.io/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/autoinstrumentation-go:v0.22.1
+    image: ghcr.io/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go-instrumentation/autoinstrumentation-go:v0.23.0