core/vm, params: ensure order of forks, prevent overflow

[0x416e746f6e]

this PR ports upstream ethereum#29023:

This PR fixes an overflow which can could happen if inconsistent blockchain rules were configured. Additionally, it tries to prevent such inconsistencies from occurring by making sure that merge cannot be enabled unless previous fork(s) are also enabled.

Without this PR, it is possible to set the overrides on an eth_call over RPC and trigger a method-handler crash (not a full node crash).

Hat-tip to @pleasew8t for reporting this via the bounty via a very well-written submission.