Make microsoft/go releases acquirable via `GoTool@0` Azure Pipelines task

[dagood]

This task is easy to use and probably popular: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/tasks/tool/go-tool?view=azure-devops. We use it ourselves, in go-infra.

I don't think our team should be in the business of creating an AzDO build task. I think we should try to get support added to the existing task for changing the base URL, at least: https://github.com/microsoft/azure-pipelines-tasks/blob/7abd0ed58d1951b8e3cca71c1401854b78bbc52c/Tasks/GoToolV0/gotool.ts#L97

[dagood]

• Filed [GoTool] Make the Go download URL configurable azure-pipelines-tasks#16045

[dagood]

To catalog a few things... an implementation was attempted in:

• Add Microsoft Go support azure-pipelines-tasks#19000

We weren't directly involved in the attempt, and we had to revert it at the time for a few reasons:

• Revert "Added Microsoft Go tool support (#19000)" azure-pipelines-tasks#19012

The Microsoft build of Go team hasn't had the resources since then to pick this back up and try to implement it in a way that would work for us.

Note that it's been a few years, so don't take my words back then as if they're set in stone. 😄

[dagood]

I was giving some pointers to @sb464f about this, and remembered this major issue with the GoTool@0 task:

• Always use the latest patch for Go? azure-pipelines-tasks#15825

It was closed due to being "stale" after no response from the repo maintainers, not because it was completed.

This behavior is misleading and not touched on in the documentation. It should be changed.

[dagood]

To write it out here:

The implementation of this should use the URLs specified at:
https://github.com/microsoft/go/blob/microsoft/main/eng/doc/Downloads.md

Specifically, this prefix: https://aka.ms/golang/release/latest/

Then, the Go version/platform can be appended, like go1.24.6-1.linux-amd64.tar.gz. We have URLs for floating versions (that is, "get latest of this major version") like go1.24.linux-amd64.tar.gz, and GoTool@0 should not apply the go1.24 -> go1.24.0 version extension and should use these URLs directly to get the latest version of 1.24.

[dagood]

The implementation is complete in in this PR:

• Users/razvanmanole/go tool download link azure-pipelines-tasks#21404

Now waiting for deployment.